Spartan-3AN

This application note describes how to indirectly program an SPI Serial Flash PROM through the JTAG interface of a Spartan®-3A FPGA using iMPACT 9.1.01i. The hardware setup, software flows for file generation, and programming are also covered.

This application note demonstrates how to access the In-System Flash in the Spartan™-3AN FPGA after the FPGA is configured.

The PCI™ Local Bus Specification defines a number of power and reset requirements. When considered in an FPGA implementation, these create several challenges that must be addressed for long term reliability and broad interoperability. This application note applies to compliant PCI applications using Spartan™-3 Generation FPGAs, and is relevant to other Xilinx FPGA families, as well as related PCI applications.

This Application Note describes the feature of Platform Flash PROMs that allows the user to Multiple-Boot or dynamically reconfigure from up to four Design Revisions.

Differential signals, such as LVDS or LVPECL, can be difficult to route on simple, four-layer or six-layer PCBs without excessive use of vias. This application note shows how Spartan™-3 Generation FPGAs, with just the inclusion of an inverter in the datapath, can avoid excessive use of vias and fix accidental PCB trace swapping without requiring a PCB respin.

This application note targets Spartan™-3E devices in applications that require 4-bit or 5-bit transmit data bus widths and operate at rates up to 666 Mbps per line with a forwarded clock at 1/7th the bit rate. This type of interface is commonly used in flat panel displays and automotive applications.

This application note targets Spartan®-3E/3A devices in applications that require 4-bit or 5-bit receive data bus widths and operate at rates up to 666 Mbps per line with a clock at 1/7th the bit rate. This type of interface is commonly used in flat panel displays and automotive applications.

XAPP482 describes a working MicroBlaze™ system that stores software code, user data, and configuration data in non-volatile Platform Flash PROMs, simplifying system design and reducing cost. It provides a portable hardware design, software design, and additional script utilities to be used during the implementation flow.

The Spartan-3A/3AN/3A DSP FPGA families offer an advanced static power management feature called Suspend mode, which reduces FPGA power consumption while retaining the FPGA’s configuration data and maintaining the application state. The device can quickly enter and exit Suspend mode as required in an application.

The PCI specification defines two I/O timing budgets for use with 33 MHz and 66 MHz operation. In embedded designs, custom timing budgets enable the following: • Reduce total system cost by using less expensive devices • Achieve higher data transfer rates than allowed by specification • Add more loads to the bus to accommodate additional devices and connectors • Increase the physical length of the bus to accommodate novel bus topologies The information presented in this application note is applicable to any embedded PCI implementation using Xilinx FPGA devices.

This application note describes how memories wider than 36 bits can be efficiently implemented in the Virtex™-II and Spartan™-3 architectures. The clock-doubling method used is similar to the method described for quad-port memories in XAPP228. The resulting memories are used in either dual-port or single-port mode.

Data recovery is a mechanism that allows a receiver to extract embedded clock data from an incoming data stream. The receiver usually extracts this information from the data stream concerned, but sometimes the receiver’s clock is used for data transmission. The circuit described in this application note provides a partial solution at data rates up to 160 Mb/s in a Virtex™-E -7 device, a Spartan™-IIE -6 device, or a Spartan-3 -4 device, and up to 420Mb/s in a Virtex-II -5 device or a Virtex-II Pro™ -6 device. The solution is partial in the sense that no clock is actually recovered, but the data arriving is fully extracted. The speed is limited by the maximum frequency that can be accepted by the Delay Locked Loop (DLL), in a mode where the DLL is capable of providing both a new clock, and another clock shifted by 90 degrees.

This application note describes a reference system that demonstrates the use of the Multi-CHannel (MCH) On-chip Peripheral Bus (OPB) Double Data Rate (DDR) Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) controller in a MicroBlaze™ processor system.

Ground bounce must be controlled to ensure proper operation of high performance FPGA devices. Particular attention must be applied to minimizing board-level inductance during PCB layout. This document describes calculations that help to ensure that a design meets input undershoot and logic-low voltage requirements for devices receiving signals from an FPGA.

This application note covers the principles of power distribution systems and bypass or decoupling capacitors. A step-by-step process is described where a power distribution system can be designed and verified. The final section discusses additional sources of power supply noise and provides resolutions.

This document details the design aspects of digital PLLs implemented in Virtex® and Spartan® FPGAs for telecommunications applications. PLL performance and loop stability are evaluated.

Describes how Extended Spartan®-3A family and Spartan-3E FPGAs work in spread-spectrum applications.

This application note describes solutions to receive large-swing signals by design. In one solution (and in the general case of severe positive and/or negative overshoot), parasitic leakage current between User I/O in differential pin pairs may occur, even though the User I/O pins are configured with single-ended I/O standards. This application note addresses the parasitic leakage current behavior.

This Application Note describes a set of reference designs that can transmit and receive DVI or HDMI data streams up to 750 Mb/s using the native TMDS I/O featured by Spartan®-3A FPGAs.

This application note describes a reference design that adds fail-safe mechanisms to the MultiBoot capabilities of the Extended Spartan®-3A family of FPGAs. The reference design configures specific FPGA logic via an initial bitstream that determines which application to load.

The DDR2-400 (200 MHz clock) memory interface discussed in this application note is derived from the default output of MIG. Xilinx has validated this interface in Spartan®-3A FPGAs with the higher speed grade (-5) assembled on Spartan-3A Starter Kits. The validation results also apply to Spartan-3AN and Spartan-3A DSP FPGAs.

This application note describes how the existing dual-port block memories in the Spartan®-II and Virtex® families can be used as Quad-Port memories. This essentially involves a data access time (halved) versus functionality (doubled) trade-off. The overall bandwidth of the block memory in terms of bits per second will remain the same.

The block memories in the Virtex®-II architecture are capable of supporting data bus widths of up to 36-bits. A self-addressing FIFO reference design uses these block memories to store both data and address information in a single memory location. This application note describes FIFO designs where no external counters are required. Only flag and status information logic is used. The resulting FIFOs are not fast (around 150 MHz). Their advantage is in using only one clock load. In addition, the status mechanism is very simple making FIFOs are more suitable for data throttling in continuous data systems instead of the full or empty detection required in frame-based data systems.

This white paper reviews the potential inaccuracies associated with the traditional one-resistor approach to selecting heatsinks, and suggests a more accurate two-resistor (2-R) approach based on both theta-jc and theta-jb from the device datasheet.

FPGAs can be configured with test applications during the development and production test stage. This white paper explores efficient options to help in product development and accelerate testing on the production line.

This white paper describes methods for expanding the natural bit-width capability of dedicated multipliers in a way that will make best use of the complete FPGA resources.

Operating logic at a higher rate than the processing rate allows operations to be achieved sequentially. As with a processor, logic is timeshared over multiple clock cycles. Memory holds values not being used on a given clock cycle. The FPGA can be considered to be a three-dimensional volume to be filled. "Performance + Time = Memory" is a strange formula, but when understood, it can often result in significantly lower cost implementations with Xilinx devices.

This white paper examines the causes of jitter, jitter measurement techniques, and methods of managing jitter in digital systems.

This white paper describes design techniques that improve signal integrity in Xilinx® FPGAs.

This white paper defines the use and limitations of bit error ratio measurements when analyzing the performance of communications links.

This white paper identifies the top design security threats, explores the advanced security options, and describes how new, low-cost Spartan™-3A, Spartan-3AN, and Spartan-3A DSP FPGAs from Xilinx can help protect your products and profits.

This white paper discusses the FPD market and looks in closer detail at Plasma Display Panels and Liquid Crystal Displays in particular. An overview of where Xilinx devices fit in digital video systems is followed by a market overview of the flat panel display industry. The value proposition for Xilinx devices is presented, followed by a detailed discussion of the relationship of product features and resources to FPD system requirements.

This white paper discusses the various memory interface controller design challenges and Xilinx solutions, including how to use the Xilinx software tools and hardware-verified reference designs to build a complete memory interface solution for your own application, from low-cost DDR SDRAM applications to higher-performance interfaces like the 667Mb/s DDR2 SDRAMs.

This document provides a concise overview of the subset of the MATLAB language, including operators, as well as built-in and toolbox functions supported by AccelDSP™ Synthesis Tool for algorithmic synthesis targeting Xilinx FPGAs.

This white paper identifies the top design security threats, explores the basic levels of security, and describes how new, low-cost Spartan®-3A, Spartan-3AN, and Spartan-3A DSP FPGAs from Xilinx can help protect your products and profits.

Applying a global reset to your FPGA designs is not a very good idea and should be avoided. This is a controversial issue, so this white paper looks at the reasons why such a design policy should be considered.

This white paper defines IBIS models and describes how to use them to model I/O characteristics for Xilinx® FPGAs.

This white paper examines alternate uses of available block RAM in Virtex® and Spartan® FPGAs.

This White Paper describes how Spartan®-3 FPGAs can reduce total system cost by up to 50% compared to competing FPGAs.

This white paper examines how to remove the DC content from a digitally sampled waveform using DSP without complicated mathematics.

This white paper describes the steps necessary to analyze your design's power requirements using the Xilinx® Power Estimator.

This white paper describes a rarely noticed design technique that can make a difference in the size and the performance of your FPGA design. Control signals on FPGA flip-flops have a built-in priority. If you can learn to write code that is sympathetic to the priorities, the results will be rewarding. This white paper provides some simple VHDL and Verilog examples to explain key points.

This white paper provides examples to help your understanding of the capabilities and use of the SRL16E to improve the performance and lower the cost of your designs by as much as an order of magnitude.

This white paper discusses signal analysis requirements and methods for printed circuit board design for Xilinx® FPGAs.

This white paper considers a variety of ways in which multiplexers can be implemented within Xilinx FPGA devices, including some alternative techniques that can lead to more efficient and lower cost implementations.