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DSP Primer using ISE

Course Description This course provides professors with an introduction to Digital Signal Processing (DSP) and digital communication design using Xilinx FPGAs. 
Level Intermediate
Duration 2 Days
Who should attend? Professors who are new to using FPGAs and would like to understand the details of the implementation of high speed DSP/digital communications using FPGAs.
Pre-requisites
  • Basic DSP principles (sampling, quantitative, time/frequency domain)
  • Knowledge of using DSP simulation software and/or hardware implementations
  • Awareness of digital communications and modern high speed DSP applications and issues

Skills Gained

After completing this workshop, you will be able to:

  • Understand the fundamentals of fixed point word lengths and related issues
  • Know how to control and deal with rounding, truncation, wrap-around, and saturation arithmetic on FPGAs
  • Understand the many arithmetic implementation options (for multiply and other operations)
  • Know how to design and work with Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) designs for trigonometric calculations
  • Know the features and architectures of the DSP48x slices of the Virtex® and Spartan® FPGAs
  • Know how to use the Xilinx System Generator Simulink® software for DSP design
  • Be able to run the full ISE® software design flow for DSP systems and examples
  • Implement real time DSP examples on the FPGA board using audio input/output codecs
  • Understand the reasons for and methods to implement high-speed Cascaded Integrator-Comb (CIC) filters
  • Know the methods for implementation of Numerically Controlled Oscillators (NCOs)
  • Be able to build a QAM transceiver using various core FPGA components
  • Understand how to set up Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) and early late gates for synchronization
  • Understand the use of the QR algorithm for least squares and adaptive algorithm implementation

 

Course Overview

Day 1:

  • The DSP for FPGA history
  • Lab 1: Using System Generator, ISE and ChipScope™ Tools
    • Use Xilinx System Generator within the Mathworks Simulink environment to implement simple DSP multiply/add/delay circuits and then synthesize, place and route and inspect the floor plan of some simple designs.  ChipScope will be used with an example running on the FPGA board.
  • Arithmetic and CORDIC implementations 
  • Lab 2: Multipliers, Adders, Dividers and CORDICs
    • Consider the many ways of implementing a multiplier (DSP48, constant coefficient, distributed, shift and add, etc.), and also looks at divider designs, and CORDIC implementations for calculation of sine, cosine, magnitude and other trigonometric calculations.
  • Digital Filters on FPGAs
  • Filter Retiming and Pipelining Methods
  • Lab 3: Digital Filter Design and Implementation
    • Look at filter designs in parallel and serial form, and also various techniques and methods for pipelining, multichannel filter implementation, and generally implementing efficient and low-cost filters with particular reference to decimation and interpolation filters.  Audio examples will feature noise filtering using the FPGA board.
  • CIC and Moving Average Filters

Day 2:

  • Lab 4: CIC Filter Implementation
    • Implement CIC filter chains to understand the issues of word length growth, decimation/down-sampling, droop correction and applications at radio front ends (transmitters and receivers).  Also implement filter receive chains featuring CICs, low pass, half band and other efficient filter implementations.
  • Numerically Controlled Oscillators (NCOs)
  • NCO Receiver Synchronization
  • Lab 5: Oscillator Design and Implementation
    • Implementation of numerically controlled oscillators using look-up-table methods and setting appropriate Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) and frequency accuracies.  Also consider Xilinx cores for NCOs or Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) and also using CORDIC-based oscillators and marginally stable IIR oscillators.
  • The Quadrature Amplitude Modulator (QAM) Tx and Rx
  • Lab 6: QAM Transceiver Design
    • A quadrature modulator transmitter and receiver will be implemented to modulate data to an IF carrier (around 3MHz), then receive using a quadrature receiver implementation.  This lab will integrate the implementation of NCOs, standard digital filters, CICs, synchronizers in a single design.
  • Adaptive Signal Processing, Least Squares and the QR
  • Lab 7: QR Algorithm Implementation
    • A 5x5 (matrix) QR algorithm will be implemented (for least squares, linear system solvers, and general adaptive DSP implementations).  A demonstration of using the QR for system identification will be set up in the lab, and a full CORDIC based design synthesized and placed and routed will be completed.  This represents a high value, high complexity implementation.

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